Standard Solutions For Limit Tests Preparation | Limit Tests Solutions Preparation |
Acetaldehyde standard solution (100 ppm C2H4O): Dissolve 1.0 g of acetaldehyde in 2-propanol and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent. Dilute 5.0 ml of the solution to 500.0 ml with 2-propanol. Prepare immediately before use.
Acetaldehyde standard solution (100 ppm C2H4O) : Dissolve 1.0 g of acetaldehyde in water and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent. Dilute 5.0 ml of the solution to 500.0 ml with water. Prepare immediately before use.
Aluminium standard solution (200 ppm Al) : Dissolve in water a quantity of aluminium potassium sulphate equivalent to 0.352 g of AlK(SO4)2,12H2O. Add 10 ml of dilute sulphuric acid and dilute to 100.0 ml with water.
Aluminium standard solution (100 ppm Al) : Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing 8.947 g of aluminium chloride in 1000.0 ml of water.
Aluminium standard solution (10 ppm Al) : Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume in a solution containing aluminium nitrate equivalent to 1.39 g of Al(NO3)3,9H2O in 100.0 ml.
Aluminium standard solution (2 ppm Al) : Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing aluminium potassium sulphate equivalent to 0.352 g of AlK(SO4)2,12H2O and 10 ml of dilute sulphuric acid in 100.0 ml.
Ammonium standard solution (100 ppm NH4) : Immediately before use, dilute to 25 ml with water 10 ml of a solution containing ammonium chloride equivalent to 0.741 g of NH4Cl in 1000 ml.
Ammonium standard solution (2.5 ppm NH4): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing ammonium chloride equivalent to 0.741 g of NH4Cl in 1000.0 ml.
Ammonium standard solution (1 ppm NH4) : Immediately before use, dilute ammonium standard solution (2.5 ppm NH4) to 2.5 times its volume with water.
Antimony standard solution (100 ppm Sb): Dissolve antimony potassium tartrate equivalent to 0.274 g of C4H4KO7 Sb,1 /2H2O in 500 ml of 1M hydrochloric acid and dilute the clear solution to 1000 ml with water.
Antimony standard solution (1 ppm Sb): Dissolve antimony potassium tartrate equivalent to 0.274 g of C4H4KO7Sb,1 /2H2O in 20 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute the clear solution to 100.0 ml with water. To 10.0 ml of this solution add 200 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with water. To 100.0 ml of this solution add 300 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with water. Prepare the dilute solutions immediately before use.
Arsenic standard solution (10 ppm As): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution prepared by dissolving arsenious trioxide equivalent to 0.330 g of As2O3 in 5 ml of dilute sodium hydroxide solution and diluting to 250.0 ml with water.
Arsenic standard solution (1 ppm As): Immediately before use, dilute arsenic standard solution (10 ppm As) to 10 times its volume with water.
Arsenic standard solution (0.1 ppm As): Immediately before use, dilute arsenic standard solution (1 ppm As) to 10 times its volume with water.
Barium standard solution (50 ppm Ba): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 20 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing barium chloride equivalent to 0.178 g of BaCl2,2H2O in 100.0 ml.
Bismuth standard solution (100 ppm Bi): Dissolve bismuth equivalent to 0.500 g of Bi in 50 ml of nitric acid and dilute to 500.0 ml with water. Dilute the solution to 10 times its volume with dilute nitric acid immediately before use.
Cadmium standard solution (0.1 per cent Cd): Dissolve cadmium equivalent to 0.100 g of Cd in the smallest necessary amount of a mixture of equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and water and dilute to 100.0 ml with a 1 per cent V/V solution of hydrochloric acid.
Cadmium standard solution (10 ppm Cd) : Immediately before use, dilute cadmium standard solution (0.1 per cent Cd) to 100 times its volume with a 1 per cent V/V solution of hydrochloric acid.
Calcium standard solution (400 ppm Ca): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 10 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing calcium carbonate equivalent to 1.000 g of CaCO3 and 23 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid in 100.0 ml.
Calcium standard solution (100 ppm Ca): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 10 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing calcium carbonate equivalent to 0.624 g of CaCO3 and 3 ml of acetic acid in 250.0 ml.
Calcium standard solution (100 ppm Ca) : Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing anhydrous calcium chloride equivalent to 2.769 g of CaCl2 in 1000.0 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Calcium standard solution (100 ppm Ca), alcoholic: Immediately before use, dilute with alcohol to 10 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing calcium carbonate equivalent to 2.50 g of CaCO3 and 12 ml of acetic acid in 1000.0 ml.
Calcium standard solution (10 ppm Ca): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 100 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing calcium carbonate equivalent to 0.624 g of CaCO3 and 3 ml of acetic acid in 250.0 ml.
Chloride standard solution (50 ppm Cl): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing sodium chloride equivalent to 0.824 g of NaCl in 1000.0 ml.
Chloride standard solution (8 ppm Cl): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing sodium chloride equivalent to 1.32 g of NaCl in 1000.0 ml.
Chloride standard solution (5 ppm Cl): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing sodium chloride equivalent to 0.824 g of NaCl in 1000.0 ml.
Chromium liposoluble standard solution (1000 ppm Cr): A chromium (metal) organic compound in an oil.
Chromium standard solution (0.1 per cent Cr): Dissolve potassium dichromate equivalent to 2.83 g of K2Cr2O7 in water and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same solvent.
Chromium standard solution (100 ppm Cr): Dissolve potassium dichromate equivalent to 0.283 g of K2Cr2O7 in water and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same solvent.
Chromium standard solution (0.1 ppm Cr): Immediately before use, dilute chromium standard solution (100 ppm Cr) to 1000 times its volume with water.
Cobalt standard solution (100 ppm Co): Dissolve cobalt nitrate equivalent to 0.494 g of Co(NO3)2,6H2O in 500 ml of 1M nitric acid and dilute the clear solution to 1000 ml with water.
Copper liposoluble standard solution (1000 ppm Cu): A copper (metal) organic compound in an oil.
Copper standard solution (0.1 per cent Cu): Dissolve copper sulphate equivalent to 0.393 g of CuSO4,5H2O in water and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent.
Copper standard solution (10 ppm Cu): Immediately before use, dilute copper standard solution (0.1 per cent Cu) to 100 times its volume with water.
Copper standard solution (0.1 ppm Cu): Immediately before use, dilute copper standard solution (10 ppm Cu) to 100 times its volume with water.
Ferrocyanide standard solution (100 ppm Fe (CN)6): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing potassium ferrocyanide equivalent to 0.20 g of K4Fe(CN)6,3H2O in 100.0 ml.
Ferricyanide standard solution (50 ppm Fe (CN)6): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing potassium ferricyanide equivalent to 0.78 g of K3Fe(CN)6 in 100.0 ml.
Fluoride standard solution (10 ppm F): Dissolve in water sodium fluoride previously dried at 300 °C for 12 h, equivalent to 0.442 g of NaF, and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same solvent (1 ml = 0.2 mg F). Store in a polyethylene container. Immediately before use, dilute the solution to 20 times its volume with water.
Fluoride standard solution (1 ppm F): Immediately before use, dilute fluoride standard solution (10 ppm F) to 10 times its volume with water.
Formaldehyde standard solution (5 ppm CH2O): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 200 times its volume a solution containing 1.0 g of CH2O per litre prepared from formaldehyde solution.
Germanium standard solution (100 ppm Ge): Dissolve ammonium hexafluorogermanate (IV) equivalent to 0.307 g of (NH4)2GeF6 in a 0.01 per cent V/V solution of hydrofluoric acid. Dilute the clear solution to 1000 ml with water.
Glyoxal standard solution (20 ppm C2H2O2): In a 100 ml graduated flask weigh a quantity of glyoxal solution corresponding to 0.200 g of C2H2O2 and make up to volume with ethanol. Immediately before use dilute the solution to 100 times its volume with the same solvent.
Glyoxal standard solution (2 ppm C2H2O2): Immediately before use, dilute glyoxal standard solution (20 ppm C2H2O2) to 10 times its volume with ethanol.
Hydrogen peroxide standard solution (10 ppm H2O2): Dilute 10.0 ml of dilute hydrogen peroxide solution to 300.0 ml with water. Dilute 10.0 ml of this solution to 1000.0 ml with water. Prepare immediately before use.
Iodide standard solution (10 ppm I): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing potassium iodide equivalent to 0.131 g of KI in 100.0 ml.
Iron standard solution (0.1 per cent Fe): Dissolve 0.100 g of Fe in the smallest amount necessary of a mixture of equal volumes of hydrochloric acid and water and dilute to 100.0 ml with water.
Iron standard solution (250 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 40 times its volume a solution containing 4.840 g of ferric chloride in a 150 g/l solution of hydrochloric acid diluted to 100.0 ml.
Iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing ferric ammonium sulphate equivalent to 0.863 g of FeNH4(SO4)2,12H2O and 25 ml of dilute sulphuric acid in 500.0 ml.
Iron standard solution (10 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing ferrous ammonium sulphate equivalent to 7.022 g of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2,6H2O and 25 ml of dilute sulphuric acid in 1000.0 ml.
Iron standard solution (8 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing 80 mg of iron and 50 ml of hydrochloric acid (220 g/l HCl) in 1000.0 ml.
Iron standard solution (2 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to 10 times its volume with water.
Iron standard solution (1 ppm Fe): Immediately before use, dilute iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to 20 times its volume with water.
Lead liposoluble standard solution (1000 ppm Pb): A lead (metal) organic compound in an oil.
Lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb): Dissolve lead nitrate equivalent to 0.400 g of Pb(NO3)2 in water and dilute to 250.0 ml with the same solvent.
Lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb): Dissolve in dilute lead-free nitric acid a quantity of lead nitrate equivalent to 0.400 g of Pb (NO3)2 and dilute to 250.0 ml with the same solvent.
Lead standard solution (100 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb) to 10 times its volume with water.
Lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute lead standard solution (100 ppm Pb) to 10 times its volume with water.
Lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing 0.160 g of lead nitrate in 100 ml of water, to which is added 1 ml of lead-free nitric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml.
Lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb): Dilute lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb) to 100 times its volume with dilute lead-free nitric acid Use within 1 week.
Lead standard solution (2 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 5 times its volume with water.
Lead standard solution (1 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 10 times its volume with water.
Lead standard solution (0.5 ppm Pb): Dilute lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 20 times its volume with dilute lead-free nitric acid. Use within 1 day.
Lead standard solution (0.1 ppm Pb): Immediately before use, dilute lead standard solution (1 ppm Pb) to 10 times its volume with water.
Magnesium standard solution (100 ppm Mg): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing magnesium sulphate equivalent to 1.010 g of MgSO4,7H2O in 100.0 ml.
Magnesium standard solution (10 ppm Mg): Immediately before use, dilute magnesium standard solution (100 ppm Mg) to 10 times its volume with water.
Magnesium standard solution (10 ppm Mg): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing 8.365 g of magnesium chloride in 1000.0 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Manganese standard solution (100 ppm Mn): Dissolve manganese sulphate equivalent to 0.308 g of MnSO4,H2O in 500 ml of 1M nitric acid and dilute the clear solution to 1000 ml with water.
Mercury standard solution (1000 ppm Hg): Dissolve mercuric chloride equivalent to 1.354 g of HgCl2 in 50 ml of dilute nitric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with water.
Mercury standard solution (10 ppm Hg): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing mercuric chloride equivalent to 0.338 g of HgCl2 in 250.0 ml.
Nickel liposoluble standard solution (1000 ppm Ni): A nickel (metal) organic compound in an oil.
Nickel standard solution (10 ppm Ni): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing nickel sulphate equivalent to 4.78 g of NiSO4,7H2O in 1000.0 ml.
Nickel standard solution (0.2 ppm Ni): Immediately before use, dilute nickel standard solution (10 ppm Ni) to 50 times its volume with water.
Nickel standard solution (0.1 ppm Ni): Immediately before use, dilute nickel standard solution (10 ppm Ni) to 100 times its volume with water.
Nitrate standard solution (100 ppm NO3): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing potassium nitrate equivalent to 0.815 g of KNO3 in 500.0 ml.
Nitrate standard solution (10 ppm NO3): Immediately before use, dilute nitrate standard solution (100 ppm NO3) to 10 times its volume with water.
Nitrate standard solution (2 ppm NO3): Immediately before use, dilute nitrate standard solution (10 ppm NO3) to 5 times its volume with water.
Palladium standard solution (500 ppm Pd): Dissolve 50.0 mg of palladium in 9 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute to 100.0 ml with water.
Palladium standard solution (20 ppm Pd): Dissolve 0.333 g of palladium chloride in 2 ml of warm hydrochloric acid. Dilute the solution to 1000.0 ml with a mixture of equal volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid and water. Immediately before use dilute to 10 times its volume with water.
Palladium standard solution (0.5 ppm Pd): Dilute 1 ml of palladium standard solution (500 ppm Pd) to 1000 ml with a mixture of 0.3 volumes of nitric acid and 99.7 volumes of water.
Phosphate standard solution (200 ppm PO4): Dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate equivalent to 0.286 g of KH2PO4 in water and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same solvent.
Phosphate standard solution (5 ppm PO4): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate equivalent to 0.716 g of KH2PO4 in 1000.0 ml.
Platinum standard solution (30 ppm Pt): Immediately before use, dilute with 1 M hydrochloric acid to 10 times its volume a solution containing 80 mg of chloroplatinic acid in 100.0 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid.
Potassium standard solution (600 ppm K): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 20 times its volume a solution containing dipotassium sulphate equivalent to 2.676 g of K2SO4 in 100.0 ml.
Potassium standard solution (100 ppm K): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 20 times its volume a solution containing dipotassium sulphate equivalent to 0.446 g of K2SO4 in 100.0 ml.
Potassium standard solution (20 ppm K): Immediately before use, dilute potassium standard solution (100 ppm K) to 5 times its volume with water.
Selenium standard solution (100 ppm Se): Dissolve 0.100 g of selenium in 2 ml of nitric acid. Evaporate to dryness. Take up the residue in 2 ml of water and evaporate to dryness ; carry out three times. Dissolve the residue in 50 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same acid.
Selenium standard solution (1 ppm Se): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 40 times its volume a solution containing selenious acid equivalent to 6.54 mg of H2SeO3 in 100.0 ml.
Silver standard solution (5 ppm Ag): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 100 times its volume a solution containing silver nitrate equivalent to 0.790 g of AgNO3 in 1000.0 ml.
Sodium standard solution (200 ppm Na): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing sodium chloride equivalent to 0.509 g of NaCl in 100.0 ml.
Sodium standard solution (50 ppm Na): Dilute the sodium standard solution (200 ppm Na) to four times its volume with water.
Strontium standard solution (1.0 per cent Sr): Cover with water, strontium carbonate equivalent to 1.6849 g of SrCO3. Cautiously add hydrochloric acid until all the solid has dissolved and there is no sign of further effervescence. Dilute to 100.0 ml with water.
Sulphate standard solution (100 ppm SO4): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 10 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing dipotassium sulphate equivalent to 0.181 g of K2SO4 in 100.0 ml.
Sulphate standard solution (10 ppm SO4): Immediately before use, dilute with distilled water to 100 times its volume a solution in distilled water containing dipotassium sulphate equivalent to 0.181 g of K2SO4 in 100.0 ml.
Sulphate standard solution (10 ppm SO4) : Immediately before use, dilute with alcohol (30 per cent V/V) to 100 times its volume a solution containing dipotassium sulphate equivalent to 0.181 g of K2SO4 in 100.0 ml of alcohol (30 per cent V/V).
Sulphite standard solution (80 ppm SO2): Dissolve 3.150 g of anhydrous sodium sulphite in freshly prepared distilled water and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent. Dilute 0.5 ml to 100.0 ml with freshly prepared distilled water.
Sulphite standard solution (1.5 ppm SO2): Dissolve sodium metabisulphite equivalent to 0.152 g of Na2S2O5 in water and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent. Dilute 5.0 ml of this solution to 100.0 ml with water. To 3.0 ml of the resulting solution, add 4.0 ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and dilute to 100.0 ml with water.
Thallium standard solution (10 ppm Tl): Dissolve thallous sulphate equivalent to 0.1235 g of Tl2SO4 in a 9 g/l solution of sodium chloride and dilute to 1000.0 ml with the same solution. Dilute 10.0 ml of the solution to 100.0 ml with the 9 g/l solution of sodium chloride.
Tin liposoluble standard solution (1000 ppm Sn): A tin metal organic compound in an oil.
Tin standard solution (5 ppm Sn): Dissolve tin equivalent to 0.500 g of Sn in a mixture of 5 ml of water and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with water. Dilute the solution to 100 times its volume with a 2.5 per cent V/V solution of hydrochloric acid immediately before use.
Tin standard solution (0.1 ppm Sn): Immediately before use, dilute tin standard solution (5 ppm Sn) to 50 times its volume with water.
Titanium standard solution (100 ppm Ti): Dissolve 100.0 mg of titanium in 100 ml of hydrochloric acid diluted to 150 ml with water, heating if necessary. Allow to cool and dilute to 1000 ml with water.
Vanadium standard solution (1 g/l V): Dissolve in water ammonium vanadate equivalent to 0.230 g of NH4VO3 and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same solvent.
Zinc standard solution (5 mg/ml Zn): Dissolve 3.15 g of zinc oxide in 15 ml of hydrochloric acid and dilute to 500.0 ml with water.
Zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn): Immediately before use, dilute with water to 10 times its volume a solution containing zinc sulphate equivalent to 0.440 g of ZnSO4,7H2O and 1 ml of acetic acid in 100.0 ml.
Zinc standard solution (10 ppm Zn): Immediately before use, dilute zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn) to 10 times its volume with water.
Zinc standard solution (5 ppm Zn): Immediately before use, dilute zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn) to 20 times its volume with water.
Zirconium standard solution (1 g/l Zr): Dissolve zirconyl nitrate equivalent to 0.293 g of ZrO(NO3)2,2H2O in a mixture of 2 volumes of hydrochloric acid and 8 volumes of water and dilute to 100.0 ml with the same mixture of solvents.
Reference : European Pharmacopoeia